Discourse Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discourse Analysis - Essay Example These advertisements promote an ideal way of life and manipulate the audience into accepting those ideals as their reality. This analysis intends to break down how agencies have reformed the idea of beauty through countless magazine articles, billboards and other media. They do this by enforcing the stereotype that those beauty products are a better way of life. They send the message that youth is beauty, and that beauty is very important yet they set the bar for beauty so high that clients would always depend on their products. The people behind these advertisements have found ways of controlling peoples’ minds using language in the advertisements. The focus on this study is print advertisements done by Nivea, a company synonymous with the manufacture of beauty products allover the world. They portray a message that they care deeply about the real people and their beauty through their advertisements. Introduction â€Å"Discourse refers to the codes, rules and systems that un der-gird a particular message and thus shapes its meaning and interpretation†. Language is all around us whether written or spoken. It is a core part of our day to day activities and has a profound effect on people and how they behave. This influence is seen in the field of advertising and marketing. Language is employed in these two fields to relay certain messages to the public. Language is used as a tool to not only pass on information about a product but also convince and influence the product choice of the customers. The competition for consumers is very high among product manufacturers. This has led to the revolution of how advertisements are designed. They use not only words but color, pictures and lighting to appeal to the consumer. It is the use of such tools as visual and linguistic means to persuade their audience that has led many a scholar to argue that, â€Å"advertising is the most influential institution of socialization in modern society† (Jhally, 1995) . Cook (2001) points out that advertisements inform, persuade, remind, influence and perhaps change opinions, emotions and attitudes. It is used to emphasize the uniqueness of a product and give reasons why a person should consider it over others already in the market. Advertising can be seen on food packages, billboards, newspapers, magazines, on buses and the Internet just to list a few. This kind of aggressive advertising ensures the audience is aware of a product at all times and remembers it. Advertising is â€Å"any type of form of public announcement intended to direct people’s attention to the availability, qualities and/or cost of specific commodities or services† (Fairclough, 2001). The stakeholders of the products are responsible for what we see in these advertisements. They reserve the power to use advertising to further their goals, good or otherwise. They pick advertising media according to their target audience. Magazines are popular with the youth and a slightly older demographic. The Internet on the other hand is popular with the younger generation. The language and depictions used in advertisements is also influenced by the target population. Advertisements have evolved from direct methods being shouted by mouth to the public in open spaces to being transferred indirectly form of print, videos, audio messages in the radio or sound and video together.

A Rose for Emily Essay Example for Free

A Rose for Emily Essay The short story begins by telling the end of it; the story begins with the funeral of the aristocratic Miss Emily Grierson during the time period of the civil war. The funeral turnout so big, the whole town of Jefferson attended. The town felt responsible for Miss Emily because they felt that she was a â€Å"tradition, a duty and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town† (287). â€Å"The men of the town respected Miss Grierson and viewed her as a fallen monument† (287), whereas the women of the town haven’t been in the house for years and was viewed by the narrator to have attended the funeral just to get a peek of the inside of Emily’s home to see how she lived. The house sits on a street that was once the town’s most prestigious areas. With all the other homes replaced with garages and cotton gins Miss Grierson’s house was the last one standing. The house was described as â€Å"a big, squarrish frame house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select street† (287). Now, time has taken toll, and neglect of the maintenance has distorted its once beautiful structure. The main conflict in the story was Emily facing reality, she didn’t know how to let go of her past â€Å"I have no taxes in Jefferson. Colonel Sartoris explained it to me. Perhaps one of you can gain access to the city records and satisfy yourselves† (288). Agitated by her tactics, the town is getting tired of taking care of her, â€Å"So the next day, â€Å"She will kill herself†; and we said it would be the be st thing† (291). The townspeople think she is stuck up and arrogant because she thinks that everything revolves around her. Isolation from the society caused her to become depressed, unhappy and crazy, leading up to her destroying Homer. Emily was a heavy set woman â€Å"She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water and of that pallid hue† (288). She was an old, secretive woman, who was devastated and alone in a growing society, forcing her to stay in her role. Emily sunk into a deep mental depression and limited others to see her true identity by remaining hidden,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray† (292). She lived most of her life in isolation and was intimidated by her controlling father. When Miss Emily was alive, the townspeople considered her as a financial obligation because she never paid taxes. She hadn’t paid in years, and she wasn’t forced to pay â€Å"See Colonel Sartoris, I have no taxes in Jefferson† (288). Her nonpayment dated back to 1894 when the mayor of the town, Mayor Colonel Sartoris, told the story that her father loaned the town money and as payment back to her father they allowed her not to pay taxes. Her father died and left Miss Emily with no money to live off of and the inheritance of a decaying house. As time passed and generations came and went, the arrangement became a discontent with the people so they made many attempts to collect the long time debt but as adamant as they were, so was Emily. She would not respond to their efforts. Finally after numerous failed notifications, the town’s board decided to make a trip to her house hoping to get an agreement to satisfy the debt. Emily hadn’t had visitors in years, but greeted by her old house servant, the board was permitted to enter into the damp stenched home and waited in the room until Miss Grierson was summoned. When Emily enters; small, round and dressed in black, not nearly as appealing as she was once described, the visitors affirmed their purpose. They requested compensation for her taxes, but Emily’s harsh and bold demanded that she didn’t have taxes and instructed Tobe, her house servant, to escort them out, â€Å"I have no taxes in Jefferson. Tobe!† The Negro appeared. â€Å"Show these gentlemen out.† (288). Emily always wanted a home where she can feel loved and free in, but it didn’t turn out that way as the complaints poured in from neighbors and townspeople about a smell lingering around the home and demanded the new mayor to take action. Judge Stevens, old in his years, didn’t know what he could do to fix the problem. He thought the smell might have been a dead rodent that the caretaker must have killed in the yard, â€Å"It’s probably just a snake or a rat that nigger of hers killed in the yard† (289). To quiet down the complaints, he said he would send the message to Ms. Emily’s servant. As more complaints came in and the problem persisted, a group of men decided to take matters into their own hands and made a visit to Miss Emily’s house, â€Å"They broke open the cellular door and sprinkled lime there, and in all the out buildings† (289). After some time, the smell went away. During her younger years, people felt bad for Miss Emily. Her great-aunt old lady Wyatt had gone mad and her father sheltered her so much that he didn’t allow her too far from his sight. He drove everyone away. He felt that there was no young man good enough for his Emily, so she never married and didn’t have any friends. The Griersons believed they were a higher class than most. Emily didn’t have a relationship with her family in Alabama because her father had a fallen out with them over Aunt Wyatt’s property. When Mr. Grierson died, Emily denied he was dead and left him in the house for three days. After many failed attempts by the townspeople to persuade her to get rid of his decomposing body, she let go and buried her father. Now she was all alone and didn’t come out much. Time passed and it was a long time before anyone had seen Emily, â€Å"When we saw her again, her hair was cut short, making her look like a girl with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows† (290). Emily’s new look made her seem younger. After Emily’s father’s death, the town paid a construction company to pave the sidewalks. The foreman, Homer Barron, was from up north and grew to know the townspeople. He was â€Å"a big dark, ready men, with a big voice and eyes lighter than his face† (290). Homer was Emily’s secret lover, â€Å"Miss Emily and her lover Homer Barron, had been carrying on for the better part of two years† (Scherting398), whether that meant he was dead or alive. Rumors in the town said Homer would not get married, â€Å"Homer himself had remarked-he liked men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks Club-that he was not a marrying man† (291). When Emily requested arsenic from the druggist, the town started to become curious whether she was going to kill herself or not, â€Å"I want some poison,† she said to the druggist† (290). Little did they know that it was for Homer, â€Å"Emily feels so disillusioned and desperate th at she manages to poison him, feeling that in this way she can keep him forever with her† (Yang 73). People often saw Homer and Emily together on Sunday afternoons driving in a buggy. Some of the town’s ladies weren’t too pleased with the sight. As Homer and Miss Emily spent more time together, the ladies thought it was a dishonor to the town and a terrible example to the young folks so they reached out to her family in Alabama to see if they can come and stay with her. During the cousins stay, Emily went to the store and bought jewelry, a toilet set,  men’s clothing and a nightshirt. They were thought to surely be married now with Emily preparing for his stay, but while the cousins were at the house, Homer left. Soon after her relatives left Homer returned. After his last sighting entering Miss Emily’s house, Homer was never seen again as well as Miss Emily, but from time to time she would be seen by her window. People thought Miss Grierson went crazy. It was years before she would be seen again, â€Å"When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat an d her hair was turning gray† (292). Emily got ill and died downstairs in one of the rooms. The funeral was held days after Miss Emily’s death. Her family and the townspeople came to make their final view. Ladies all about, men in their confederate uniforms, on the porch and in the yard, they waited after Emily was buried before they went in the room that hadn’t been visited in decades. When the door was broken down, dust filled the room. Inside, it looked like a preparation for a wedding; decorated with faded rose color curtains and lights. Across the room stood a dressing table with crystal set in row and a man’s tarnished, silver toilet set. There also rest a collar and tie. Hanging on a chair, a suit cautiously folded and accompanied by some shoes and socks. To the spectators surprise, lying amongst everything rest Homer. Underneath his nightshirt, his body was molded to fit an embrace. Imprinted on a pillow next to his decayed remains; caressed by time, laid an indentation of a head. In the crest of the indentation rest a single long, gray strand o f hair from Miss Emily head. It was not until her final day of death that the readers could fully picture Emily as being insane. Having being denied male companionship by her father, she was desperate for love. She was so crazy that she killed the man she loved and used her aristocratic position to cover up the murder. By killing Homer, she didn’t realize that she was sentencing herself to total isolation, no contact with anything or anyone from the outside world. The narrator persuaded the reader to believe that Emily killed Homer and then preserved his body in the moment of her most anticipated day. To her, she sealed her love, preventing the stroke of loneliness. Always being comforted by his touch, she laid with him until she became ill and overcome by death. Work Cited SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on A Rose for Emily.† SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2007. Web. 14 Mar. 2013 Dliworth, Thomas. â€Å"A Romance to Kill For: Homocidal Complicity in Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily.† Studies in Short Fiction 361999 251-62. 21 Nov 2008. Yagcioglu, Semiramis. â€Å"Language, Subjectivity and Ideology in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†.† Journal of American Studies of Turkey 2(1995) 49-59. 21 Nov 2008. Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† In The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. 2160-2166. New York: W.W. Norton, 2003.

The Character of Caliban in The Tempest Essay examples -- Tempest ess

The Character of   Caliban in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Caliban is the only authentic native of what is often called 'Prospero's Island'. However, he is not an indigenous islander, his mother Sycorax was from Argier, and his father Setebos seems to have been a Patagonian deity. Sycorax was exiled from Argier for witch-craft, much like Prospero himself, and Caliban was born on the island. Caliban's own understanding of his position is made eloquently plain when we first meet him:    I must eat my dinner. This island's mine, by Sycorax my mother, Which thou tak'st from me. When thou cam'st first, Thou strok'st me, and made much of me, would'st give me Water with berries in't, and teach me how To name the bigger light, and how the less, That burn by day and night. And then I loved thee, And showed thee all the qualities o'th'isle, The fresh springs, brine-pits, barren place and fertile. Cursed be I that did so! All the charms Of Sycorax - toads, beetles, bats light on you! For I am all the subjects that you have, Which first was mine own king; and here you sty me In this hard rock, whiles you do keep from me The rest o'th'island. (1.2.330-344)    We can clearly sense Caliban's resentment of what he sees as a colonial occupation of his island. The story of his upbringing is not so simple, however. It seems that when Prospero and his infant daughter arrived on the island twelve years before, Caliban was an orphan, his mother having died. This is not entirely clear: in conversation with Ariel (formerly Sycorax's spirit) Prospero recalls the 'blue eyed hag', 'The foul witch Sycorax, who with age and envy, Was grown into a hoop' (1.2.258-259), but it is not clear wheth... ...pression to both sides of the question, and leaving much to the interpretation.    Works Cited and Consulted: Davidson, Frank. "The Tempest: An Interpretation." In The Tempest: A Casebook. Ed. D.J. Palmer. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd., 1968. 225. Kermode, Frank. Introduction. The Tempest. By William Shakespeare. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1958. xlii. Palmer, D. J. (Editor) The Tempest - A Selection of Critical Essays London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1977. Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans, et. al. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974. Solomon, Andrew. "A Reading of the Tempest." In Shakespeare's Late Plays. Ed. Richard C. Tobias and Paul G. Zolbrod. Athens: Ohio UP, 1974. 232. John Wilders' lecture on The Tempest given at Oxford University - Worcester College - August 4th, 1999.      

The aeration of the mixture of microorganisms

Water treatment is the removal of harmful pollutants in the water so that it can be used domestically and agriculturally. It is conducted through the use of chemical, biological and physical processes. Wastewater treatment enables the recycling of water so that it can be used for various uses. Main body Secondary water treatment method involves the removal of fine and dissolved wastes that are organic by the use of a biological process of treating water. The common approaches to biological water treatment process are the activated sludge and trickling filter.Activated sludge through the aeration of the mixture of microorganisms, which are also referred to as biological sludge, and wastewater. The microorganisms are subjected under an environment that facilitates their growth (Neary, 2009). The wastewater is continuously run into the aeration tank so that the provision of oxygen is enabled. Through the provision of oxygen, the microorganisms are in a position to break down the polluta nts that are organic. In the end, the activated sludge remains in the bottom.The sludge that is in excess is removed and put into disposal. The other approach is the trickling filters that uses a bed of stones, or the plastic material that is perforated. Oxygen is picked up by the waste water and gets sprayed through the filter so that it can pass through the micro organisms . The organic materials present in the waste water are fed on by the micro-organisms due to the high amounts of oxygen. These methods bring together aerobic micro –organisms, oxygen and organic matter.Biological oxidation takes place in the water treatment system, other than in the lake or in a stream when the organic wastes are discarded there. The tertiary water treatment has many processes that include; removal of nutrient, which include Nitrogen and Phosphorous, and toxic materials removal. Tertiary treatment process combines physical and chemical treatment; however, there are still biological treatme nts that remove Nitrogen and Phosphorous.Water is pumped through carbon filters that are activated. Charcoal is activated carbon that has been treated so that it can increase the chemical bonding potential. It is after this filtration that Nitrogen and Phosphorous are removed. However, the water has to pass through chemical treatment that is specialized in order to remove some chemical pollutants. An example of the pollutants is hexavalent chromium, which is toxic and can lead to cancer. Reclaimed water is water that has been treated .this water can be used for irrigation, generation of power, controlling dust, recharging of aquifer, cooling in some of the industrial process and restoration of the natural system. This water cannot be used for drinking, cooking, swimming and irrigating vegetables. This water is beneficial because its cost is low compared to the water used for drinking. Reclaimed water reduces the use of fertilizer because Phosphorous and Nitrogen remain (Neary, 2009) . To ensure that household reclaimed water is safely used, people should become extremely aware of the hazards that may result from reclaimed water.Upon known knowing the hazard, the people should adopt strategies that are in order to manage the prevailing hazards. Conclusion I would recommend tertiary water treatment because it removes pollutants such as hexavalant chromium that is harmful to the human health and the natural environment. Tertiary water treatment is the final treatment of water and hence it is the safest method. REFERENCE Neary, J. (2009). Water Quality for Ecosystem and Human Health. Culver City, CA: Earthprint

Mexican American Approaches to Health Essay

Mexican American, or Latino, traditional views on health and healing practices are influenced by several other cultures that they have historically had some kind of contact with, such as the Spanish colonizers, indigenous Indian populations, and Western medical practitioners. This varied background accounts for their holistic healing methods and their belief that good health stems from internal balance, a clear conscience, and a strong spiritual relationship with God. The underlying theme in traditional Mexican American health is that there needs to be a balance between the body and Earth’s elements. Equilibrium of each element–fire, water, air, and land–leads to an overall healthy state. (Molina, 1994) Traditionalists tie this balance concept in with the idea that all health states are associated with either hot or cold, and one may be used to heal the other. A state of health is characterized by a warm, wet body, and any exposure to extreme conditions on either side of this scale leads to illness. It is important to point out that the generalizations assumed in this paper are based on very traditional Mexican American individuals and do not span the entire population within the US. In regards to healthcare, traditional Mexican Americans hold the belief that their healing methods are either superior to or the same as those practiced by Western providers, so they tend to rely primarily on home remedies and cultural healers before seeking out other forms of medicine. Furthermore, their healing approach is firmly rooted in their specific values. It is important to be aware of Latino cultural values in order to understand their views on healthcare, as the latter is based on the other. In general, there are three basic values that crucially exists within most Mexican American relationships—personalismo, respeto, and dignidad. (Molina, 1994) Personalismo is the trust and rapport that is established with others. Latin Americans respond better to warm, friendly interactions, and prefer personal relationships to professional ones. Therefore, the best ways to earn trust is for a provider to show interest in the patient’s personal life, exercise empathy, and avoid formal interactions. It is also important for a provider to show respeto (respect) by dressing according to their profession and addressing the patient with the formal greeting â€Å"usted†. This makes the patient feel as through they are taken seriously and cared for at the same time. A Latino patient tends to want a provider to embrace and exemplify their role as a professional; they simply prefer more intimate interactions. And although they appreciate empathy, they expect a blatant regard for their digidad (dignity); as with many individuals, Latinos place an emphasis on being treated as equals and human beings. Furthermore, Mexican Americans value family and thrive off their interdependent relationships with them. (Molina, 1994) In fact, most traditional Latinos rely more on their relatives for health advice than healthcare providers; as a result, it is common for a family member to accompany a patient to their visit with a provider. Mexican Americans’ cultural definition of health is outlined by the three major states that they believe are the causes for all illness and disease. Additionally, poor health is culturally associated with imbalances within the body’s natural states that lead to problems. According to traditional beliefs, poor health can be attributed to one or more of the following: (1) Psychological State, (2) Environment and Natural Causes, or (3) Supernatural beings. (Molina, 1994) The psychological state includes any mental state that may be disrupting one’s peace of mind, including worry, anger, envy, or stress, all of which can lead to the dangerous state of susto (â€Å"fright†), or soul loss. Natural causes fall under environmental elements, such as dust, pollution, or germs–all of the things that Western medicine believes to be the only causes of illness. Finally, supernatural beings include malevolent spirits, witchcraft, or â€Å"mal de ojo†, the bad eye, any of which can cause disease or illness. Because Mexican American views on health differ from those of mainstream US medicine, there are several â€Å"folk illnesses† that exist within the culture that have no diagnosis within Western medicine, and are, therefore, remedied by traditional methods. Many of these illnesses fall under the idea of their imbalance theory. For example, an imbalance or conflict within social relationships opens one’s spirit up to â€Å"mal de ojo†; symptoms include fever, headache, and sleeplessness. The traditional treatment for this is rubbing the entire body with egg yolk. Empacho is an illness characterized by stomach pains, and results from feeling psychological stress while eating. Ataque de nervios literally translates to â€Å"attack of the nerves† and is caused by extreme emotional stress brought on by a traumatic event. Those suffering from this illness often engage in fits of swearing and convulsions. The treatments are praying over the affected individual and rubbing alcohol over their face. Caida is an infant disease that occurs when the fontanelle is dislodged from the child’s skull, and can result in death. (Molina, 1994) In Western medicine, providers may equate this with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), which even in the most skilled American facilities has no biological explanation. Since many of the illnesses recognized in the Mexican American culture are undiagnosed and not understood in Western medicine, a majority of this group employs home remedies or purchases medicines in a botanica, or a store that sells folk medicine and herbal treatments. (â€Å"Profiles of Health†, 1994) Although some recent studies have shown that many Latinos view cost as the number one barrier to healthcare in America, most traditionalists prefer to seek out the assistance of their cultural healers through a healing practice known as Curanderismo. (â€Å"Profiles of Health†, 1994) This practice is one of the most prominent healing practices in the Mexican American culture. It approaches health from a holistic point of view and encompasses physical, social, psychological, and spiritual healing. (Johnston, 2006) A Curandero is a revered, spiritual being that treats those suffering from biologically inexplicable illnesses and can have gifts in several areas, including massage, midwife, counselor, spinal adjustment (similar to a Chiropractor), or espiritualista–someone who channels help from spirits. (Molina, 1994) They specialize in a number of areas of medicine, such as naturopaths, herbalists, palm readers, or psychotherapists. Some research suggests that Curanderos arose out of a need for health care from poverty stricken communities that could not afford it. Traditionally, many sought out the help of Curanderos; however, according to recent studies, very few Mexican Americans utilize the services of a Curandero, and those who do use it as supplemental treatment to Western medicine. The main differences between Mexican American cultural healing methods and Western medicine are the varied definitions of similar illnesses, as well as the explanations for the causes of diseases. However, since most illnesses that are recognized in Latino culture also exist within the framework of American healthcare, then treatment can be applied uniformly. Therefore, the emphasis needs to be placed on cultural competence, which would incorporate a system for understanding other point of views of health. It is imperative for providers to develop both trust with and respect for their patients in order to treat them and to increase adherence to medical plans. Western medical providers must learn to listen to and understand the traditions of the Mexican American patient population so that they will be better equipped to serve them. Once this is accomplished within the American healthcare system, society will see health disparities begin to diminish.

Google and Microsofts Financial Management

Google and Microsofts Financial Management Business Model Core Business Google has ads, search and apps as the main core businesses, search is the main core technology of Google; ads are their essential business proposition; while apps are their umbrella over their web-based software, which can be assessed anywhere and at anytime (Google.com, 2011). Google search produces index of web pages that can be found and returns most applicable outcomes by assessing at least 200 quality aspects.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Google and Microsoft’s Financial Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The search and ads are separated in that when searching ads appear where they are applicable, the ads offer helpful information for commercial enquiry. While apps are online set of collaboration and communication tools that enable all the users’ data and applications to be stored online (Google.com, 2011). Microsoft core business on the other hand, in clude: Server and Tools, Microsoft Business Division, Windows and Windows Live Division, Entertainment and Devises Division and Online Services Division (Microsoft.com, 2011). The company’s segments offer management with complete financial outlook of the key businesses. These segments facilitate alignment of objectives and strategies across sales, development, marketing as well as services organizations, they also offer a structure for rational and timely allocation of sales, development, marketing as well as services resources in the businesses (Microsoft.com, 2011). Plant and/or services Google’s products and services include; first, search that has items like Rich Snippets, Music Search, Google Suggest, Real-Time Search, Integrated tools, video, Finance, Images, News, Book, Groups Information, and Blogs among others (Google.com, 2011). Secondly, advertising that includes Google Search, Google Display (Google-owned Sites, and DoubleClick ad Exchange), AdSense, Google Mobile, and Google Local. Finally, applications products like Google Docs, Google calendar, Gmail, Google Groups, Google Reader, Google Sites, YouTube, and Blogger among others (Google.com, 2011). On the other hand, services and products of Microsoft includes; phones, servers, intelligent devices and PC’s operating systems; server applications meant for the disseminated computing environments; solution applications for business; productivity applications; server and desktop management tools; online advertising; video games; and tools for software development (Microsoft.com, 2011).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides the firm designs and also sells hardware together with accessories for Xbox 360, hardware products for Microsoft PC, Xbox 360’s Kinect, and Xbox 360 entertainment and gaming console (Microsoft.com, 2011). The firm also offers pro duct, solution and consulting support services as well as training and certifying computer system developers and integrators. Microsoft provides cloud-based solutions, which offer clients with services, software and content via the internet through pooled computing resources situated in centralized data hubs (Microsoft.com, 2011). Management style Gates has managed Microsoft from its establishment up to now as a â€Å"software giant† through the use of rather unorthodox leadership style. The achievement of Microsoft and Google is attached to philosophy as well as practice of the servant leadership. The most popular advice is â€Å"it is all about surrounding yourself with intelligent people and getting out of the way,† as stated by Bill Gates, Microsoft’s Co-founder (Brown, 2007). It appears that Sergey Brin and Larry Page, Google founders, have also implemented this management strategy for Google, which has made it to be successful by launch new services and pr oducts as discussed above, making the Google’s stock to increase from its IPO’s price of around $85 to the most current of about $588.19 (Elmer, 2011). Microsoft is also doing well. Innovation track record Google is perceived as the biggest search engine in the world, since it offers an easy-to-use, and free services, which repeatedly returns applicable outcomes at a very high speed. But the heart of it is advertising which is highly profitable, highly successful as well as highly innovative business model for improving advertising industry. Along with an ever growing range of numerous new service and product establishments at the centre, Google’s main concentration is to utilize many of these in order to drive improved traffic to Google ever-increasing mobile, online, and soon-to-be offline, income flows from advertising. Google commands almost 32% of the market share through AdWords and AdSense in the online advertising. As a result the firm’s stock pri ces have significantly increased (Innovationleaders.net, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Google and Microsoft’s Financial Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given the Microsoft’s scale, size as well as its success level, it is predictable for Microsoft to draw criticism. For instance, the year 2007 was a bad year for the firm since European Commission and US Justice Department took action opposing the firm’s â€Å"monopolistic† practices as well as the media giggling about Zune, music offering, along with malfunctions in Vista whilst all together making threatening noises on the rise in unsettling rivalry from Google (Innovationleaders.net, 2010). In spite of this, Microsoft earned $51 billion as revenue and carried on with innovation, remaining among the top 10 companies investing in Research and Development internationally. Microsoft has a leading track record in th e sector in acquisition of patents, keeps continued organic growth, provides work for about 79,000 individuals in 102 nations and is currently exploiting expertise as well as transformation through acquisition (Innovationleaders.net, 2010). Financial ratio analysis The liquidity ratio as measured by current ratio shows an increase in Google’s liquidity position from the year 2008 to 2009 but in 2010 the liquidity position declined implying that the firm was using more of the current liabilities. On the other hand, Microsoft’s liquidity position improved throughout the three years (2008 to 2010) implying that the firm’s liquidity position was improving as it was using less of its current liabilities. In 2010, both firms’ liquidity positions were satisfactory since the ratio was more than one but Google was more liquid. The profitability ratio as measured by Return on Assets shows that Google’s profitability position improved in 2009 by a margin of 2 .79% to 16.10% while in 2010 the profitability declined to 14.70%. This means that in 2009, Google’s efficiency in the use of the firm’s asset to generate returns to the owners had improved but in 2010, Google was less efficient in generating returns to the providers of funds as shown by the drop in the ROA.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While as measured by Return on Equity, Google’s profitability increased from 14.97% to 18.11% in 2009, thus the firm’s ability to generate returns to equity shareholders from owners’ supplied funds had increased. The increase in profitability also increased in 2010 to 18.39% thus the firm’s efficiency with which it used the shareholders’ funds to generate returns had improved. On the other hand, ROA ratio shows that Microsoft’s profitability position declined in 2009 by a margin of 5.58% to 18.71% this means that the firm’s efficiency of utilizing the owners’ assets to generate returns had declined. But in 2010, the ratio improved implying that the firm’s efficiency with which it utilized its assets to generate returns to the providers of funds had improved. Similarly, ROE indicates the same trend of decline in 2009 and an improvement in 2010. This means that there was a decline in profitability of the firm in 2009 and t he firm’s inability to generate returns to shareholders from the owners’ supplied funds and vice versa for 2010. In general, Microsoft is more profitable than Google considering that the higher the ratio the higher the profitability of the firm. The leverage ratio as measured by debt ratio indicates that Google’s gearing had increased throughout the three years. In 2008, 2009 and 2010 the firm raised 11.11%, 11.09% and 20.07% of debt from the total capital employed respectively. Google gearing level was satisfactory since the ratio in the three years was less than 50%. Its increase throughout the period was as a result of increase in liabilities. Conversely, Microsoft was highly geared in 2008 as the ratio was more than 50% but the gearing level reduced in 2009 and further in 2010. Thus, in 2009 and 2010 the firm was not highly geared and the gearing level was satisfactory in the two years since it was less than 50%. Therefore, Microsoft is more geared compared to Google, implying that Microsoft has a higher financial risk. Google’s efficiency with which it used its assets to generate sales increased in 2009 and declined in 2010 as measured by Fixed Asset Turnover ratio. This implies that in 2008, 2009 and 2010 the firm generated $1.88, $2.09 and $1.80 of sales from every dollar invested in fixed asset. Conversely, Microsoft utilization of the assets to generate sales remained constant in 2008 and 2009 at $2.04 of sales for every dollar invested in fixed asset but in 2010 it increased to $2.05, indicating an improvement in efficiency with which the firm was converting assets into sales. Thus, based on the higher the ratio the more efficient the firm is this means that Microsoft is more efficient in managing its assets than Google. The evaluation ratio as measured by Dividend Payout ratio indicates that Google does not pay dividend this may be due to the reason that it is in the growth stage in its Life Cycle and it needs more cash t o finance growth particularly in innovation. While as measured by Price/Earnings ratio, Google’s investors in 2008, 2009 and 2010 would take 22.86, 30.07 and 22.25 years to recoup their initial investment in shares from the earnings generated by that investment in Google. Conversely, Microsoft paid 23.16%, 31.90% and 24.41% of the earnings attributable to equity shareholders inform of dividends in 2008, 2009 and 2010 and retained 76.84%, 68.1% and 75.59% respectively. P/E ratio indicates that Microsoft’s investors in 2008, 2009 and 2010 will take 9.54, 17.85 and 12.77 years respectively, to recoup back their initial investment in the Microsoft’s shares from the firm’s earnings. In general, Microsoft will withstand a major recession considering that interests are reduced at this time by the government, thus the firm will benefit from the use of more debt and its profitability and efficiency of managing assets will strengthen it during recession than Google . Profitability As discussed above Microsoft is more profitable than Google, this means that Microsoft’s management is more effective in generating returns from the assets employed as well as from the owners’ supplied funds. This means that it is able to meet its short term obligations and shareholders will obtain reasonable returns on their investments in form of dividends as well as capital gains. On the other hand, Google is less profitable than Microsoft but it is able to meet its short term obligations; however, Google’s shareholders will not obtain reasonable returns on their investments in form of dividends, since Google is in its growth stage and its share price is very high with high volatility implying that the investors can benefit from the capital gains. Therefore, this information can influence investors’ decisions in that those investors seeking long-term investments in order to earn dividends will go for Microsoft while those who are specul ators and are not interested in dividends will go for Google in order to benefit from capital gains as a result of taking advantage of arbitrage pricing. Financial-based guidelines To select which of the two firms to invest in the investor should carry out a fundamental and technical analysis. Fundamental analysis considers factors like foreign and domestic economic and political events, government policies, weather and change of trade prospects as well as company’s financial statements. While technical analysis considers the share price movement and utilizes this data to forecast price movements in the future. Investor should also consider own financial objectives, these objectives describe the investor’s expected returns and investment timeline (long-term or short-term). Finally, investor should consider risk-reward tolerance by determining their risk level and whether to diversify the risk by investing in both firms (Maxinvest.com, 2010). References Brown, K. (2007) . Servant Leadership- A new model for the 21st century. Retrieved from http://leadershipgurus.net/modl_servantleadership02.html Elmer, V. (2011). What would Larry Page do? Leadership lessons from Google’s doyen. Retrieved from http://management.fortune.cnn.com/2011/04/18/what- would-larry-page-do-leadership-lessons-from-google%E2%80%99s-doyen/ Google.com. (2011). Business overview. Retrieved from google.com/about/corporate/company/business.html Innovationleaders.net. (2010). Innovation leaders. Retrieved from innovationleaders.net/google_company_profile.html Maxinvest.com. (2010). How do I choose a company to invest in? Retrieved from maxinvest.com/article_text.php?topic=choose Microsoft.com. (2011). Company information. Retrieved from microsoft.com/about/companyinformation/en/us/default.aspx Appendix Google Inc. Microsoft Corporation 2010 2009 2008 2010 2009 2008 Liquidity measurement ratio Current ratio Current assets/ current liabilities 4.16 10.62 8.77 2 .13 1.82 1.45 Profitability indicator ratios Return on Assets (ROA) Net profit after tax/ Total Assets 14.70% 16.10% 13.31% 21.79% 18.71% 24.29% Return on Equity (ROE) Net profit after tax/ Shareholders equity 18.39% 18.11% 14.97% 40.63% 36.83% 48.73% Debt ratio debt ratio Total liabilities/ total assets 20.07% 11.09% 11.11% 46.38% 49.21% 50.15% Operating performance ratio Fixed asset turnover ratio Sales/ Net fixed assets 1.80 2.09 1.88 2.05 2.04 2.04 Cash flow indicator ratio Dividend payout ratio Dividend per share/Earnings per share 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 24.41% 31.90% 23.16% Investment valuation ratio Price/Earnings ratio Market price per share of common stock/ earnings per share 22.25 30.07 22.86 12.77 17.85 9.54

The Definition of a Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (ULEV)

The Definition of a Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (ULEV) ULEV is an acronym for Ultra Low Emission Vehicle. ULEVs release emissions that are 50 percent cleaner than the current average years models. ULEVs take the LEV, Low Emission Vehicle, standard a step further but dont yet qualify for Super-Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (SULEV)  status. Although already a concept in car manufacturers wheelhouse, the rise in popularity of ULEV vehicles came after a ruling by the California courts in 2004 that all new cars sold in the state must have at least a LEV rating. Similar measures passed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on vehicle emissions regulations have also given rise to the popularity of eco-friendly vehicles.   Origins of Low Emissions As a result of the EPAs 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act of 1970, light-duty vehicle manufacturing began to undergo a phased implementation of cleaner emissions standards. Typically restricting the output of too much carbon monoxide, non-methane organic gasses, oxides of nitrogen, formaldehyde, and particulate matter, these regulations sought to downsize the carbon footprint of the automobile industry in the United States. The phases of this plan rolled out Tier 1 classifications from 1994 through 1999 with Tier 2 implemented from 2004 to 2009.   As part of Californias 2004 low-emissions vehicle initiative, which provided much stricter regulations for qualifying as a low-emission vehicle, the tiers were further broken down into six sub-classifications: Transitional Low-Emissions Vehicles (TLEV), LEV, ULEV, SULEV, Partial-Zero Emissions Vehicle (PZEV) and Zero Emissions Vehicle (ZEV). In 2009, President Barack Obama announced a new initiative to further decrease emissions outputs for American auto consumers. This included expanding the classifications definitions as well as standardizing Californias 2004 bill as a federally mandated program, requiring manufacturers to produce a net emissions output of their vehicles (meaning the combined average of each vehicles emissions rating) that equaled  more than 35.5 miles per gallon. Common Examples The number of ULEVs on the road has exponentially increased annually since 1994, though it wasnt until the 2010s that the market for LEVs really took off. Still, decades of experience have taught car manufacturers one thing: eco sells. More and more, companies are rushing to meet requirements for their vehicles to qualify as LEVs.   Examples of these Ultra-Low Emissions Vehicles have begun cropping up more and more frequently starting with 2007s Honda Odyssey minivan, the 2007  Chevrolet  Malibu Maxx and the 2007  Hyundai Accent. Prices are typically midrange for these mid-range low-emissions autos, encouraging more consumers to be eco-conscious with their driving habits.   Fortunately, the advent of such fuel economy measuring tools as the instant fuel economy display  also helps further combat fuel waste by alerting drivers to the real-time miles per gallon fuel consumption their car requires to operate given the drivers handling of the vehicle. Most cars produced in the United States now qualify at the very least as LEVs, with emissions across the board now down to less than one percent of emissions allowed in the U.S. in the 1960s.   Soon, hopefully, we will move further away from gasoline-reliant vehicles and instead switch to electric or hydro-powered engines.

MCDONALD Last Name Meaning and Origin

MCDONALD Last Name Meaning and Origin McDonald is a common Scottish patronymic surname meaning son of Donald, a given name meaning world ruler, from the Gaelic Mac Dhamhnuill. McDonald is probably the most famous of the Scottish clan surnames. In Scotland the McDonald surname derived most often from Scottish settlers who arrived in to the Province of Ulster in the seventeenth century. It may also be an anglicization of MacDomhnall, although the McDonnell or ODonnell spelling is more often seen in that instance. Surname Origin:  Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings: MACDONALD, MCDONNELL, MACDONELL, MCDONNALD Where in the World Is the MCDONALD Surname Found? According to WorldNames public profiler, the McDonald surname is most common in Australia, followed by Ireland and New Zealand. The surname distribution maps at Forebears puts the greatest density of people with the McDonald surname in Grenada, followed by Jamaica, Scotland, the Bahamas, and Australia. In 1881 Scotland, the McDonald surname was most common in Inverness-shire. In 1901, it was the 11th most common surname in County Carlow, Ireland. Famous People with the Surname MCDONALD: Michael McDonald -  American singer and songwriterFreda Josephine McDonald - American entertainer and dancer, best known by her married name Josephine BakerRamsay MacDonald -  first Labor Party prime minister of Great BritainFlora MacDonald -  Jacobite patriot who protected Bonnie Prince Charlie after the Battle of CullodenJohn A. MacDonald - first Prime Minister of Canada ​Genealogy Resources for the Surname MCDONALD Clan Donald USAA nationwide organization of nearly 4,000 families who trace their ancestry to any of the branches of Clann Domhnaill.   McDonald Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the McDonald surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own McDonald surname query. McDonald Family DNA ProjectThis Y-DNA project includes nearly 2,000 MacDonalds (including variant spellings such as MacDaniel and MacDanold) interested in using DNA and genealogy research to trace their ancestry in Scotland or Ireland. FamilySearch - MCDONALD GenealogyExplore over 8.2 million results, including digitized records, database entries, and online family trees for the McDonald surname and its variations on the FREE FamilySearch website, courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MCDONALD Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the McDonald surname. DistantCousin.com - MCDONALD Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name McDonald. The McDonald Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the McDonald surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. New York:  Oxford University Press, 2003. MacLysaght, Edward.  Surnames of Ireland. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1989. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Distribution ManagementDesign A Facility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Distribution ManagementDesign A Facility - Essay Example The four major factors of production are capital, land, entrepreneurship and men. Land includes the building and premises within which the men operate and the capital is spread out apart from the fact that this is where entrepreneurship is put to its true test. Therefore, it is important that the distribution of resources within this space should be designed in such a way that the efforts of the other factors of production are put to optimum use. With a tagline of "Made for Ideas", LaCie has come to demonstrate a range of innovative ideas that are the key to its success. LaCie's success is that we run a very competitive organization. In the coordination of our various departments, we have come up with a structure that is an epitome of results and wide ranging customer satisfaction. Our financial team and IT department keep our information accurate and updated. Our procurement team can move products much faster than anyone else. This "finance IS logistics" organizational method gives us a chance to sell hot products at the lowest cost without compromising on quality or service. Thus, our base is strong and unique in its functioning. We have showed adherence to various short term and long term commitments in our planning process whether it has to do with our facilities or profit margins. Moving to a new facility is a long-term commitment and it had just one chance to get it right. LaCie new warehouse area is 17,046 sq. ft. The warehouse layout is mainly following the one-story warehouse model for design. Apart from this feature, the basic parts of warehouse are: Dock Area, Receiving Area, Reserve Area, Replacement Area, Assembly and packaging area, Delivery Zone and Office. Besides of the layout design of the warehouse, the warehouse is adopted the selective pallet storage rack system. It consists of uprights frames and pairs of load beams for each shelf elevation. Selective pallet storage system is the most common of all storage systems for palletized goods. Also, it is the simplest system in term of equipment and lowest in cost. Another important feature is the order picking process. It is the removal of mater ial from storage to fulfill customer orders. It is a critical customer service tool, which, if well done, will enhance the company's customer service level and, if badly executed, will have the opposite effect. The accuracy and efficiency of the order picking is a warehouse responsibility, which requires careful planning and control. Also, the other consideration is the choice of the material handling system. It is mainly depending on storage volume and usage pattern. On the LaCie warehouse, the product throughput is low, so it seems difficult to justify the cost of automation. Finally, today warehouse would operate much less efficiently. Information technology EDI and radio frequency systems have created advantages in warehousing, including improved customer service, lower costs, and improved operations. These advantages come

Cyprus bank crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cyprus bank crisis - Essay Example In 2002, the late mortgage payments recorded the highest value in the recent history of Europe. The first sign of a financial crisis appeared in the EU zone alarmed the policy makers and called for an urgent European crisis management framework. Nevertheless even by the end of year 2009 formulating of such an effective crisis management framework had been inadequately progressed. The currently unfolding banking crisis in Cyprus can be considered as the latest stage of EU zone banking crisis. Fragility of the Cypriot Banking System: Situation before the Bailout The following chapter presents existing literature regarding the problems of banking system in Cyprus. Gunsel, 2007, defined bank failure as â€Å"a situation in which banks were closed because of financial difficulties.† Accordingly during the period of 1999-2002 the rate of banking failure in North Cyprus had been as high as 32.4 percentage proportion of the total banks in the country. The number of total banks in North Cyprus declined from 37 in 1999 to 25 towards end of 2002. Example: the Cyprus Credit Bank Ltd., Cyprus Liberal Bank Ltd., Everest Bank Ltd., Kibris Yurtbank Ltd. and Cyprus Finance Bank Ltd., were closed due to bankruptcy in 2001. Moreover, the Cyprus Commercial Bank Ltd., Yasa Bank Ltd., Tilmo Bank Ltd., Asia Bank Ltd., and Cyprus Industrial Bank Ltd. were taken over by the Saving Deposit Insurance Fund (SDIF) of the country during the same time period. Estimated cost of banking failure in year 2000, amounted approximately 200 trillion TL, (almost 50 percen tage proportion of the national GNP of previous year) in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Banking sector comprised of 6.3 percentage proportion (568.4 million TL, in 1977 prices) of the country’s GDP in 1999. It steadily declined reaching 4.8 percentage proportion (416.1 million TL, in 1977 prices) by 2002. The global economic crisis is recognized as the leading cause of this deteriorating. In 1999 the banking sector provided employments to approximately 3.5 percentage proportion of the total working population in Northern Cyprus. Contribution of the financial for providing employments to the Cypriot economy severely dropped after closing of the banks. In 2002 only 2.6 percentage proportion of the country’s employments were provided by the financial institutions. Further, the other sectors in the economy showed slight recovery from the economic crisis towards the end of year 2002 however, financial sector remained unrecovered. The failure of the system was evid ent in the revoking of banks from operation and taking over by other banks (Safakli, 2003). Failure of the Banking System: Root Causes Gunsel, 2007, revealed that inadequate capital, poor asset quality, high interest expenses, low profitability, low liquidity and small asset size are significant variables that determine the likelihood of bank failure in North Cyprus. Black, 1995, revealed that poor risk analysis by the banks especially during the expansion phase of the business cycle can trigger banking crises. Inefficient internal credit control systems may fail to monitor the amount and quality of bank loans. Hoenig, 1999, revealed that connected lending or lending to the companies or development projects connected with the bank owners or managers despite their limited profitability as a major cause of bankruptcy in the region. Banks which lack capital assets are more susceptible to the shock of an economic downturn. According to the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) a mini mum of 8 percentage proportion capital to risk weighted assets ratio is required for all international banks. High leverage can affect

Interpersonal Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interpersonal Conflict - Essay Example The problem was that there were misunderstandings and miscommunications because she made a conclusion on her initial observations and she did not even give us time to explain our side. I was already trying to say something but she kept on going about how wrong our actions were and we were not supposed to be listening to other people's conversation. I was quiet but inside I was bursting to tell her about how wrong she was regarding her assumption and that she, too, were listening to other people's conversation. After our talk—or rather, after my friend and I listened and she said things—I felt annoyed with her because it was useless having that talk if she was the only one talking. She was being sensitive and insensitive at the same time. Also, she was not understanding the situation because she was just letting her emotions mix up with her logic. She was not being rational. Â  I think in her perspective she was seeing that we were obviously listening to her and that we were laughing at her. Also, since she heard only bits of the conversation, maybe she started sowing what data she had and then made a conclusion that were laughing at her because she was wrong. At the same time, I think she felt that maybe she needed to have a strong personality while she was talking to us so that we will not think that she was just some person we can laugh at. I think she thinks that she was telling us the right things and that we were very sorry that was why we were quiet.... Also, since she heard only bits of the conversation, maybe she started sowing what data she had and then made a conclusion that were laughing at her because she was wrong. At the same time, I think she felt that maybe she needed to have a strong personality while she was talking to us so that we will not think that she was just some person we can laugh at. I guess for her, the problem was that we were judgmental and disrespectful. I think the misunderstanding was caused by our youth and our inability to know when to make side comments and when not to. During the time that we were trying to settle the situation, since my friend and I were quiet, I think she thinks that she was telling us the right things and that we were very sorry that was why we were quiet. Personally, by comparing the two perspectives, I noticed that the issue was very simple to control and that it was easily fixed if we were able to do some things—both on my side and the girl's. Things like, if only my frie nd and I kept our voice down it would not have happened or if we just did not mind her it would not have started. At the same time, my friend and I should have been more assertive instead of just being quiet. On the other hand, she should have been more sensitive to let us explain our side. In other words, both parties had a fault, we were just too stubborn and too blinded by our own feelings to rationalize the situation and deal with it as smartly and as calmly as we could. Now that I am fully aware of the perspectives from both sides, I think if I were to remake that situation when we were trying to resolve the conflict it would sound like this: Me: Hey, you think we should talk to her? Friend: Yeah, I think we

What are the Causes and Effects of Depression Essay

What are the Causes and Effects of Depression - Essay Example Being underdiagnosed, it can become a serious condition, which can make a person suffer greatly and even lead to suicide. There is no simple explanation to what causes depression. Health specialists define several major factors that can lead to the development of depression in a person. The first one of them is biological factors, which include genetic factors, brain chemicals, and hormones. The studies on the illness suggest that this mental disorder may be inherited with genes as far as depression often runs in families. A person can inherit an increased vulnerability to depression or the disorder itself; many people with increased vulnerability may never suffer it. Depression can be also caused by a decreased level of neurotransmitters (chemical substances in the brain), which causes improper communication between the brain cells and results in sleep disturbances, loss of appetite or sexual desire etc. The body’s balance of hormones may also play a role in the development of depression in a person (Centre for Clinical Interventions). In addition to this, there are psychological factors that can cause depression. The first one is a personality type. The recent researches have shown that some people are more vulnerable to depression than others in case they have particular character traits, such as self-criticism, low self-esteem, high interpersonal sensitivity, high levels of anxiety, perfectionism etc. Stressful life events, for instance, childhood trauma, loss or death of a relative or a loved one, financial problems, difficulties in families, physical illness, alcoholism and drug abuse etc., can also contribute to the development of depression (Black Dog Institute). Clinical depression, especially being untreated, can have a negative effect on a person’s health. Depression causes changes in sleep. In particular, people with depression report having problems with falling asleep and /or waking in the middle of the night;

How Different Actual Practice of Law is from Law School Essay

How Different Actual Practice of Law is from Law School - Essay Example My placement experience helped me to realize how different the actual practice of law is from law school. According to McDockery, â€Å"the study of law is different from the practice of law†*3 and he highlights the fact that apart from writing and research skills, not much of what is learned at law school will be particularly relevant in practice. My placement experience corroborated this claim because I discovered that mere academic knowledge and the theory of law is not as important as interacting well with clients and professional code and ethics in actual practice. It was a revelation to me, as I watched my supervisor interacting with our clients and I realized that legal interviewing needs to be approached from a different angle as compared to other interviews.*4 The fact-finding mission that this entails often meets with subtle resistance from clients and especially poses a challenge when dealing with clients who are not familiar with English since there is a possibilit y for distortions during translation.*5 Such clients are often unaware that client privilege is their fundamental civil right as established by the Courts*6 and they are reluctant to be completely honest with their lawyers. But this was not the only area where I discovered that practice is different from theory. While law school provided me with the background of the law, actual practice concerns the application of the law. Earlier, my understanding of the law was directed towards its mechanics, whereas I obtained a clearer perspective of the law that conditions a lawyer’s actions during my placement experience. As Bernie Marden puts it, professions today operate in a world where â€Å"public policy applies regulation, co-regulation, and self-regulation in varying degrees†*7 and this is why it was deemed necessary to introduce the Professional Standards Act of 1994 in Australia.  Ã‚  

Captiva Conglomerate case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Captiva Conglomerate - Case Study Example Likewise, the contract that was signed by Captiva’s president agreed to the conditions that stipulated terms such as ‘best efforts’ and ‘whenever possible’ that restrict legal recourse to be filed against SOS. Also, of the stipulated $1M allocated to the contract, 17 unchanged price orders were apparently noted. Finally, only the director of IT, Jana Perry, supposedly reviewed and acknowledged the conditions of the contract. The major problem faced by Captiva was the incomprehensively defined contract forged between Captiva and SOS that was signed by its President with only the director of the IT reviewing and approving its specifications. Upon closer review and examination, the contract which was supposed to improve support, cut inventory and provide more uptime failed to deliver expected results. However, due to the approved terms, despite inconclusive and indeterminate clauses, Captiva has minimum options to seek legal recourse. A. Have the contract be reviewed by Captiva’s legal counsel to determine any legal recourse given the insufficient, inconclusive and indeterminate clauses specified; as well as the failure to note any definite price orders, as needed. Likewise, the fact that there are delays that occurred despite appropriate applications of the inventory system and spare parts management systems indicate failure to deliver expected results. The advantage of this option is that the legal counsel would be the most competent and qualified person to gauge the reliability of the contract and if some terms could render filing breach of contract, as needed, to enable Captiva to recover the amount invested for this. The disadvantage of this option is that it could be time consuming and also costly to employ the legal services to recommend corrective actions and remunerate them for the damages incurred. B. Review the organization’s policies on

How Different Actual Practice of Law is from Law School Essay

How Different Actual Practice of Law is from Law School - Essay Example My placement experience helped me to realize how different the actual practice of law is from law school. According to McDockery, â€Å"the study of law is different from the practice of law†*3 and he highlights the fact that apart from writing and research skills, not much of what is learned at law school will be particularly relevant in practice. My placement experience corroborated this claim because I discovered that mere academic knowledge and the theory of law is not as important as interacting well with clients and professional code and ethics in actual practice. It was a revelation to me, as I watched my supervisor interacting with our clients and I realized that legal interviewing needs to be approached from a different angle as compared to other interviews.*4 The fact-finding mission that this entails often meets with subtle resistance from clients and especially poses a challenge when dealing with clients who are not familiar with English since there is a possibilit y for distortions during translation.*5 Such clients are often unaware that client privilege is their fundamental civil right as established by the Courts*6 and they are reluctant to be completely honest with their lawyers. But this was not the only area where I discovered that practice is different from theory. While law school provided me with the background of the law, actual practice concerns the application of the law. Earlier, my understanding of the law was directed towards its mechanics, whereas I obtained a clearer perspective of the law that conditions a lawyer’s actions during my placement experience. As Bernie Marden puts it, professions today operate in a world where â€Å"public policy applies regulation, co-regulation, and self-regulation in varying degrees†*7 and this is why it was deemed necessary to introduce the Professional Standards Act of 1994 in Australia.  Ã‚  

DERIVATIVES MARKETS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

DERIVATIVES MARKETS - Assignment Example Since the securities are listed and traded in the stock exchange, the secondary market is also called the stock market. In primary market, companies interact with investors directly while in the secondary market investors interact with themselves. In both cases, the capital market intermediaries play an important role .The secondary market, based on all available information, determines the price and risk of the issued securities, it provides useful signals to both listed companies and investors to act in the primary markets. The secondary market may also include the over the counter market and the derivatives market. In the stock market share prices are determined by the demand and supply forces. On the other hand, in the over the counter market prices are negotiated between the buyer and the seller. The derivatives market deals in futures and options. In the derivatives markets, securities or portfolios of securities are traded for future delivery. In case of options, the future de livery is conditional as the buyer has a right to exercise or not to exercise the option. The derivatives market and my proposed derivative product The emergence of new markets for derivatives such as forwards and futures can be traced back to the willingness of risk adverse economic agents to protect themselves against uncertainties occurring from price fluctuations in various asset categories. Naturally, financial markets are very volatile. Through derivative products, however, it is possible to fully or partially transfer price risks by locking in prices of assets. By doing so derivative products reduce the impact of fluctuations in prices of assets on the cash flow and profitability situation of risk averse investors (Morrison and Winston 34). The derivative instruments are in use by all business sections, for instance, corporates, SMEs, financial institutions, banks and retail investors. My motivation for this derivative is the ability to trade while conserving the environment through the hampering of the big problem of global warming which is getting worse as firms continue to produce. The trading is also focused on trading carbon credits with the aim of controlling or reducing pollutants produced from business activities of firms. Therefore, the central driver of carbon emissions trading would be the impact on the climate and the degradation of the environment as a result of emissions of various gases. The immaturity of this market of derivatives also gives hope that there is a growth potential for this business. Currently there are smaller numbers of firms that offer such certificates. An appropriate pricing model for derivatives on the carbon emission certificates is certainly the first step in coming up with the derivative there is need to investigate the price dynamics. Product Design and Specifications The proposed derivative is a futures contract. Via the American Climate Exchange (ACX) carbon derivatives will be based upon 3 types of carbon relat ed units. The following table gives an overview of my product in terms of price, quantity, unit of underlying asset, maturity date, delivery policy, margin requirement and daily settlement and transaction costs. Type Carbon Emission Derivation: futures contract Trading Units 1000 carbon dioxide EUA allowances, with each allowance allowing 1 tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent gas Minimum trading 1 lot Strike Price Intervals Quotation US dollar per metric tonne Minimum Tick $ 0.01 per tonne Minimum price flux $0.01

Statement of Cash Flow Essay Example for Free

Statement of Cash Flow Essay The importance of cash the cash flow statement help businesses and creditors understand how liquid a company is. Team A discussed some important factors about the statement of cash flow. The purpose of the statement of cash flow and how it is used in accounting is explained. The direct and indirect method of preparing a statement is used. Steps in preparation and classification are explained. The team also examines things that they struggled with and also things that they were comfortable with. The purpose of the statement of cash flow Statement of cash flows purpose is to provide information of cash payment, cash receipt of a business during a period. It also provides answer to question for future investors wanting to make investment in the company. The investors will looks at the business cash flow statement â€Å"where did the cash come from during the period, what was the cash used for during the period, what was the change in the cash balance during the period† (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2010, p. 198). This shows the business economic and solvency which is more attracted to the investors. The statement of cash flow reports has four major categories, and they are 1) Cash effect of operating during a period. 2) Investing transactions transaction. 3) Financing transaction and 4) the net cash increase or decrease during the period. Between the four every aspect of a business transaction is covered. Statement of cash flow documents shows incoming and outgoing cash of the business. The document makes available a direction in which help guide decision of potential investor, reader, or lender understand the company financial report. Because this document is prepared last it will show a company income statement, balance sheet, owner equity statement, as the result, the report adds validity and accountability to the company financial statements. For example, investors, analysts, potential investors, stockholders, and lender use the statement cash flow report to evaluate the financial strength of the business. How the statement of cash flow used in accounting A company will use the statement of cash flows to illustrate cash payments and receipt payments for a specific period. This report shows how cash changes because of transactions that occur in daily operations such as investment transactions, financing transactions. This report will illustrate to investors and managers the level of liquid resources the company has available. Understanding a company’s cash flow will show the source of cash, the uses for the cash spent, and the balance of cash at the end of the period. This report will tie the information given on the income statement and on the balance sheet. The combination information provided in these statements provides a company’s inflows and outflows of cash. The statement of cash flows removes transactions not related to cash events and allows a person to look at the areas within the business that generate cash or the areas that cause a loss of cash (Luft, 2012). Analyzing the statement of cash flow gives investors and managers a history of how the cash earned and how the cash was used along with the amount of cash remaining at the end of the month. The usefulness of the Statement of Cash Flow The usefulness of the statement of cash flow is for businesses to understand how they are dong financially. Businesses use the statement of cash flow to know how quickly their assets can be converted into cash. Creditors are concern about how they will be paid. When a company can produce a high amount of cash, they can pay their bills. The statement of cash flow also provides information about a companys spending habits. Because a company has net income does not mean their business thriving. Knowing the companys net cash will provide the information needed to know whether or not to do business with them (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2010). The inflow and out flow The statement of Cash Flow outlines the inflow and outflow of cash from a company for a given period. Inflows include the transfer of funds to a company from another party as a result of core operations, investments or financing (Nordmeyer, 2012). The inflow of cash is generated when businesses either sell their products or perform a service for revenue. Theses inflows can range from collections on accounts, monies from investors, or interest on loans. Cash outflow, on the other hand, is money leaving a company. The outflow of cash from a company can include dividends paid to stockholders, bills, or the materials purchased to complete the products a company sells. Steps in preparation There are three major steps in preparing a Cash Flow Statement. The first step is to â€Å"determine the change in cash† (). This is calculated by comparing the current year’s cash balance to the previous year’s cash balance. For example, XYZ Inc. has a cash balance on its balance sheet of $100,000 and $90,000 for years ending December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012 respectively. Their change in cash would be a decrease of $10,000. The second step is to â€Å"determine the net cash flow from operating activities† (). This step is depends on the method chosen. The â€Å"direct method reports cash receipts and disbursements from operating activities† (). XYZ, Inc. reported the following: revenues of $80,000, accounts receivables $20,000, accounts payable $30,000 and operating expenses of $50,000. To calculate the net cash flow they would subtract accounts receivable from revenues ($80,000-$20,000 = $60,000) to determine cash collected from revenues. Then, subtract accounts payable from operating expenses ($50,000-$30,000 = $20,000) to determine cash payments for expenses. Cash collected from revenues minus cash payments for expenses equals net cash provided by operating expenses ($40,000). This does not take into consideration income taxes. In contrast, the â€Å"indirect method adjusts net income for items that affected reported net income but did not affect cash. † This is done by adding back noncash charges in the income statement to the net income and deducting noncash credits (). Finally, the third step â€Å"determines the net cash flow from investing and financing activities. † This step determines â€Å"whether any other changes in balance sheet accounts caused an increase or decrease in cash† (). This step could include changes in common stock, retained earnings, or bonds. The hardest part in grasping the cash flow steps was learning when to add or subtract an increase or decrease. However, through research I could learn an increase in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, and how accounts payable is subtracted and a decrease is added (Investopedia, 2012). Increases are added and decrease are subtracted for prepaid expenses and inventory (Investopedia, 2012). This week reflect on the statement of cash flow. Team A spoke about the importance of the statement of cash flow. It is need to determine where a company is financially. It is also use to understand the liquidity of a business. Why companies use the direct method or indirect method of preparing a statement is explained. Steps in preparation and classification are explained. The team also examines things that they struggled with and also things that they were comfortable with.

Bare Bones Essay examples -- Poetry Analysis

The poem â€Å"Sometimes the Words Are So Close,†(963) written by Julia Alvarez, discusses how words like a person can be stripped down and made uncomplicated. People are full of layers that surround them everyday. Each layer can be discarded one at a time, down to the bare essentials and in that space, people can be who they truly are. This is also where she explores her voice as a woman. Andrea Schaefer said, in reference to the â€Å"33† Sonnet collection, â€Å"...Alvarez further explores the themes of her voice taking flight and the powers of language to effect personal and political change. These poems more explicitly address her Dominican roots and her 'childhood in a dictatorship/ when real talk was punishable by death'...† During another interview, Alvarez stated; â€Å"...The page is where I learned to put together my different worlds, where I've put down the deepest roots...† Although born in New York, Alvarez lived in the Dominican Republic wi th her family for her first ten years. Unfortunately, they had to flee back to the United States as political exiles in 1960. On writing, Alvarez stated, â€Å"...Not understanding the language, I had to pay close attention to each word -- great training for a writer. I also discovered the welcoming world of the imagination and books...† Alvarez's poem addresses the two worlds she grew up in, the Dominican Republic and the United States and the differences of language in each. Through an implied metaphor, the speaker of the poem unveils herself, a line at a time, while simultaneously building upon the â€Å"figure†(7) of the poem to reveal at its core, a woman. â€Å"Words†(1) are often difficult to form into speech, especially when there is a barrier of translating what they mean as opposed to what they say.... ...Sienna M Potts: Siennese.com. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. . Alvarez, Julia. Andrea Schaefer. American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies, Supplement 7. Ed. Jay Parini. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001. From Scribner Writers Series. 26 Mar. 2012. Alvarez, Julia. â€Å"Sometimes the Words Are So Close.† Meyers 963. Kevane, Bridget and Juanita Heredia. 'Julia Alvarez and Juanita Heredia. Latina Self-Portraits: Interviews with Contemporary Women Writers.† Ed. Citizen of the World: An Interview with Julia Alvarez. Albuquerque, N.M.: University of New Mexico Press, 2000. p19-32. Rpt. In Hunter, Jeffrey W. â€Å"Contemporary Literary Criticism.† 274. Detroit: Gale. From Literature Resource Center. 26 Mar. 2012 Meyer, Michael. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 9th Ed. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin's, 2012. print.

The Breakfast Club :: essays research papers

The Breakfast Club Five teenagers who don't' know each other spend a Saturday in detention at the suburban school library. At first they squirm, fret and pick on each other. Then after sampling some marijuana, a real encounter session gets underway. The stresses and strains of adolescence have turned their inner lives into a minefield of disappointment, anger and despair. The catalyst of the group is Bender (Judd Nelson), a rebellious working-class punk who seethes with rage and attacks his peers with sarcasm. A cigar burn on his arm is a sign of the abuse he receives at home. Andrew (Emilio Estevez) is a Varsity letterman in wrestling. He's spent most of his youth trying to measure up to his father's machismo image of him. This entails winning in athletic competition and preying upon weaker peers. He and Bender clash. Brian (Anthony Michael Hall) is an unhappy honors student who wishes he could be accepted as a person and not valued just as a brain. Upset over a poor grade in shop, Brian has contemplated suicide rather than live with the ire of his disappointed parents. Allison (Ally Sheedy) is the eccentric of the group. "My home life is unsatisfactory," she confides. Living in her own fantasy world, Allison can't really tell the difference between the truth and the lies she fabricates. These teenagers don't like or respect their parents very much. One asks: "My God, are we gonna be like our parents?" Another in the group replies: "When you grow up, your heart dies." But the storm clouds over their lives are really the result of rigid high school caste systems. Despite an inappropriate music-video sequence and a phony up-tempo finale, The Breakfast Club offers a breakthrough portrait of the pain and misunderstanding which result from the social hierarchy created by youth themselves. The lookers and the jocks are popular and can do whatever they want — except relate to those outside their social circle of winners.

John Collier “Back for Christmas” Essay

The text â€Å"Back for Christmas† by John Collier is written in a style of fiction. The story is about farewell party to the doctor Carpenter and his wife. In the beginning of the text we can see the Carpenters’ living room that was filled with the close friends who had come to say â€Å"last-minute farewell† – the author used this epithet to show us that their friends would be missing him very much. On the contrary with his wife doctor Carpenter wasn’t sure he would come in time, he thought smth could spoil his plans. But his wife â€Å"beaming at them† said he would be back in England for Christmas. The metaphor is used to reassure everybody to make them believe in this. So, the farewells began. Mrs Carpenter tried her best to make all the arrangements on the high level and to prove it the author used such epithet as: â€Å"fluting of compliments† and â€Å"marvelous arrangements†. Carpenters were going to drive to Southampton that evening and would embark the following day. They have chosen this kind of transport for more comfortable travelling without any bustle. And to emphasize it the author the used the repetition â€Å"No trains, no bustle, no last minute worries†. So doctor Carpenter has contracted for lecture only three months and certainly he would be a great success in America. His wife Hermione has just tagged a long him to have some entertainment’s to see the big cities skyscrapers. Then the author uses repetitions â€Å"No extensions. No wonderful post†¦Ã¢â‚¬  that show us that his infirmary needs him. After the farewell dinner the maids washed up all the plates, come in to say goodbye and were in time to catch the afternoon bus to Devizes. So, to my mind, the main idea of the text – east or west home is the best.

Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture

Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture by Bernard M. Bass , Bruce J. Avolio The organization's culture develops in large part from its leadership while the culture of an organization can also affect the development of its leadership. For example, transactional leaders work within their organizational cultures following existing rules, procedures, and norms; transformational leaders change their culture by first understanding it and then realigning the organization's culture with a new vision and a revision of its shared assumptions, values, and norms (Bass, 1985). Effective organizations require both tactical and strategic thinking as well as culture building by its leaders. Strategic thinking helps to create and build the vision of an agency's future. The vision can emerge and move forward as the leader constructs a culture that is dedicated to supporting that vision. The culture is the setting within which the vision takes hold. In turn, the vision may also determine the characteristics of the organization's culture. Transformational leaders have been characterized by four separate components or characteristics denoted as the 4 Is of transformational leadership (Avolio, Waldman, and Yammarino (1991). These four factors include idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. Transformational leaders integrate creative insight, persistence and energy, intuition and sensitivity to the needs of others to â€Å"forge the strategy-culture alloy† for their organizations. In contrast, transactional leaders are characterized by contingent reward and management-by-exception styles of leadership. Essentially, transactional leaders develop exchanges or agreements with their followers, pointing out what the followers will receive if they do something right as well as wrong. They work within the existing culture, framing their decisions and action based on the operative norms and procedures characterizing their respective organizations. In a highly innovative and satisfying organizational culture we are likely to see transformational leaders who build on assumptions such as: people are trustworthy and purposeful; everyone has a unique contribution to make; and complex problems are handled at the lowest level possible. Leaders who build such cultures and articulate them to followers typically exhibit a sense of vision and purpose. They align others around the vision and empower others to take greater responsibility for achieving the vision. Such leaders facilitate and teach followers. They foster a culture of creative change and growth rather than one which maintains the status quo. They take personal responsibility for the development of their followers. Their followers operate under the assumption that all organizational members should be developed to their full potential.

Patton-Fuller Hospital Essay

Patton-Fuller Hospital is a community hospital that has remained aiding the community since the year 1975. Yearly examinations have been conducted by self-governing audits to review this year’s financial performance in comparison to preceding years. The financial statement review highpoints the alteration between the audited and unaudited reports classifies the association amongst revenue resources and expenses, despite the fact defining the assets of revenue sources on recording. Financial statement assessments subsidize an excessive level accounting of the statistics controlled in the audit. Financial statements of audited and unaudited statements contain the same type of statistics. Patton-Fuller Community hospital conducts audits agreement with auditing ethics in the United States. Self-governing Auditors ensure audited the balance sheet of Patton-Fuller Community Hospital as of December 31 of 2009 and 2008. The audited balance sheet reports the assets for 2009 which a sum of $587,767. The audited balance sheet reports the whole assets for 2008 of a total $548,535. The upsurge from 2008 to 2009 is 39,232. Liability total for 2009 is $ 462,153. The liability volume for the year 2008 is $213,450. This was a rise from 2008 to 2009 and the amount of the growth is $248,703. The entire equity and liabilities for 2009 is $587,767 and 2008 $548,535. This is an upturn from 2008 to 2009 with $ 39,232. In 2009 the total revenues show for $ 462,982 and then for 2008 $ 42,314. This total increase from 20o8 and 2009 is $41,668 according to the audited revenue and expenses annual report. The increase of $25,869 from 2008 to 2009 is shown from the audited revenue and expenses annual report. The year 2009 had $463,293 and 2008 had $437,424. The effects of revenue can be seen on the financial reporting by the fluctuations versus the expenses. From year to year you can see the fluctuation in revenue for the hospital. The revenues and expenses are grouped together by total revenues, total expenses, and net income. The total revenues include net patient revenues and other revenues. The total expenses include salaries and benefits, supplies, utilities, and depreciation. The net income shows the non-operating income (loss) as well as the investment income. By grouping the revenues and expenses it will help with separation and looking at the reports. The Patton – Fuller Community Hospital’s revenue comes from a  variety of sources, this includes net patient revenue and other different types of revenue. The revenue has definitely increased from 2008. When comparing the revenue received by the hospital to its operating expenses the difference lies in what revenue items are included in each ratio formula. In 2008 the total operating revenue is less than the total operating expenses therefore; the hospital operated at a loss and gave them a negative operating margin. In 2009 the total operating revenue exceeds the total operating expenses therefore; the hospital had a profit that year. As a result there was a positive operating margin. The way in which a hospital’s revenues and expenses are grouped for planning and control varies from hospital to hospital. At Patton-Fuller Community Hospital, the expenses are grouped by salaries and benefits, supplies, interest, and a lot more. During salaries, the staff of the hospital must be paid for the work they do. Members of the staff (therapist or surgeons) have a highly qualified job in which they have spent more time in education which causes them to have higher wages. During benefits, there are hospitals who offer benefits for the employee and their family with a discount. This can be very expensive for the hospital. The hospital needs supplies in order to fulfill their duty and many of the supplies are expensive as well as cheap. Because the hospital has to order the supplies in large quantities, it becomes very expensive. Interest is another expensive thing that the owners of the hospital have to deal with. With the hospital building costing so much, it leads to the owners taking a big mortgage out to pay for the building. When a mortgage is being taking out, interest develops. Another reason for an interest to develop is a loan to buy high price technology or machinery. There are many ways that Patton- Fuller Community Hospital grouped for planning and control for revenues and expenses. Inclusive the analysis of the financial statement originate many constructive results and the audited information and unaudited information enclosed the equivalent data. The revenue sources ensured a confident influence on the hospital and will lead to forthcoming development. Patton-Fuller Hospital Revenue review did not disclose any concealed problems. Financial managers need to carry on making assessments of the daily actions. Reference Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. Retrieved July 14, 2014 from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Healthcare/PFCH/isoverview.asp?subgroup=hr

Sociology Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sociology Class - Essay Example A normal human being is a unit of a society and hence participate in influencing the structure of the society. Thoughts generated by single mind are potentially capable of manipulating social structures as there is a regular interaction within the primary social circle and this influences the secondary and other spheres of human dealings and co-existence. Primary is the most intimate group where interaction is on the daily basis sharing facial expressions, grievances, moments of joy and cheer and interact to reach to resolve any issue outside the primary sphere or domain, these are the members existing beneath the same family unit, or house. They either hold blood relations or contribute to the accountability and concern for its members and reproducing, thus status is inherited. Primary status greatly influence our upbringing, as our primary socialization progression transpire within the family, moulding and shaping our beliefs, values and opinions. An individual is conditioned to th is atmosphere and follow the beliefs and rules all through the life. Based on these beliefs further interaction and socialization with other groups of society takes the contour namely the secondary groups and organizational, national and international interactions.

Army Aviation unit that was lost under Army Transformation Research Paper

Army Aviation unit that was lost under Army Transformation - Research Paper Example The U.S. Army goes as far as to state, â€Å"soldiers learn these values in detail during Basic Combat Training (BCT), from then on they live them every day in everything they do — whether they’re on the job or off† (Department of Defense, 2006). Since the formation of our country soldiers, brave men and women; have fought to protect our borders, our rights, our freedoms. There have been many changes, in the way they have fought; from horses and swords, to planes, and guns, but the operating force, the solider, and their values have remained the same. With advances in technology there has arisen a new threat to the soldier’s way of life, job security and possibly even necessity, and that is machine soldiers. Machines, acting in place of soldiers, now patrol our borders, and more recently steps have been made to make them airborne. In fact part of the 2004 Army transformation displaced an entire airborne fleet, the Comanche helicopter division, and entruste d the 6.9 million dollars that was used to fund speed up the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV’s) development. This leaves many to question whether or not a machine can really exude the same values as a solider. After taking a deeper look at the reasons for the 2004 army transformation, the development and purpose of UAV’s and how it is affecting U.S. army units, we may rethink the funding the use of machines over soldiers. 2004 Army Transformation After the attacks in 9/11/2001 the U.S. army entered the first war in close to thirty years. By 2004 it was apparent that this war was going to last longer than expected, so the army began looking at a total transformation. Much of the equipment was in desperate need of advancement and the location and usage of army personnel needed to be altered. US Army Chief of Staff General Peter Schoomaker spoke before congress in December 2006 on the importance of this Army transformation. He said, "Following 9/11, our Army began its most significant reorganization since World War II to ensure that the formations of all components are fully manned, equipped, and trained† (Schoomaker, 2006). Of course one of the primary goals of this transformation was the advancement of technology use in our armed forces. As with most technological changes this brought about much debate, especially over the development of unmanned vehicles. The Development and Purpose of UAV’s One particular unmanned vehicle that was developed was the unmanned aerial vehicle, also known as UAV’s. A UAV is a remotely controlled aerial vehicle that is unmanned by human personal, or crew. These vehicles come in two categories and are used for a variety of purposes. In the past UAV’s were typically more or less drone’s, or remotely piloted aircraft. In this case the pilot, or soldier, would still be in a sense flying the plane and making the decisions but they would doing this from a more secured ground location. Recent advancements, however, have led to the use of autonomous control in the UAV’s. In this situation the aircraft is preset to a particular flight plan, and at times has a particular order to fulfill. In this situation one solider could monitor multiple aircrafts, eliminating many Army positions. This also leaves the job of decision making up to the aircraft, or computer, not to a solider who has been trained in the key value systems listed above. Currently